One (1) Gold Aurene “Ruffled Lily” Handmade Contemporary Art Glass Iridescent Light Shade. This Listing is for One (1) Gold Aurene “Ruffled Lily” Handmade Contemporary Art Glass Iridescent Light Shade. This “Ruffled Lily” art glass light shade has a 7/8 fitter, and is pictured in Iridescent Gold Aurene. These art glass shades are hand made in the USA and measures approximately 5.25″ in height and 3.25″ in diameter and is also available in a Iridescent Peacock Blue. These art glass shades add beauty and grace to so many spaces and are at home in old and new environments, we celebrate our customers success in placing these shades in period-appropriate environments as well as in eclectic settings. They are hand made, one by one, using the same methods that have been in effect for over 150 years. As with any hand crafted product, minor imperfections are inherent and actually desirable in the art form as indicators of the old-world craft and authenticity of our production methods. Due to the hand made nature of these shades the size, shape and color will vary somewhat and no two light shades will be exactly alike. Please Note – Due to the hand-made nature of these shades, all styles of art glass shades are not always in-stock at all times and will be made to order. With the Invention of Electricity. Electricity was a brand new invention in the late 1800s and American glass manufacturers developed novel approaches for concealing the electric light bulb, which was rather harsh to the eye and perhaps unflattering to the domestic interior. Tiffany, Steuben, and Quezal responded to this need with the most extraordinary and beautiful art glass light shades, all of which were hand made and exquisitely fashioned. Many other companies also made art glass light shades for table and floor lamps, electroliers, hallway fixtures, and wall sconces. Art glass shades were available in an infinite variety of shapes, sizes, colors, and decorations. Some shades are formed and decorated as lilies while others are bell-shaped and have ribbed or textured decoration. Rims are usually plain but sometimes are notched or ruffed. Tiffany and a French designer, Emile Galle were also known for their application of stained glass to the new forms of lighting – first gas, then electric lamps were sheltered under stained glass light shades. Stained glass making is a technique of collage, in which pieces of differently colored glass are cut to the shapes of a design, and fitted together. The glass is colored either by the mixture of certain oxides or minerals with the molten glass, or by firing these colorants onto the surface of clear glass. The advantage of the latter method is that the colorants can be painted onto the glass to create a picture or design. The most well known method of holding the pieces together is the use of lead joining strips. However, other materials such as copper and plaster have also been used for the joining. Stained glass windows probably originated in the Middle East, where glass making also originated. Fine early examples can be seen in the mosques and palaces of India, Iran and Turkey. In Europe stained glass was first used in the windows of the great cathedrals in Germany, beginning in the 11th century. It has been associated with church architecture since the middle ages. What is Art Glass? Art Glass can be defined as any ornamental glassware, whether utilitarian or not, which incorporates specialized shapes, surface treatments, glass chemistry, cutting or engraving, casing or shading, enameling or other decorative processes which are applied to a normally unique item. Art glass is typically hand blown and may, or may not, utilize a mold for shaping. The large scale production of Art Glass started in Europe about 1850, and about 1870 in the United States. There were 4 main areas in Europe that produced this glass: Bohemia, France, Great Britain and Italy. In Europe there were several companies that produced a large portion of their sales destined for export, and some of these larger and better known companies are still in business today. The oldest examples of glass date to about 2000 BC, and were found in Egyptian tombs. Glass was made by the Phoenicians who lived in what is now Lebanon. The classic method of forming glass was to blow the molten glass, by catching a blob of the heated glass on the end of a pipe, and shape it to the desired form by blowing through the pipe, and shaping it with various tools. The glass could also be blown into a mold. Colored glass is created by the addition of minerals to the molten glass. For example, gold was used in the past to create red; cobalt for blue; and manganese for purple. Ancient glass found in burial sites often has an iridescent surface that results from chemical reactions that occurred with the soil. In the late 19th century glass craftsmen sought to duplicate this effect in new glass. Iridescent effects were used by the Art Nouveau glass makers such as Louis Comfort Tiffany, Steuben Glass and Emile Galle. Beginning in the 20th century, glass started to become highly collectible as art. Works of art in glass can be seen in a variety of museums, including the Chrysler Museum, the Museum of Glass in Tacoma, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Toledo Museum of Art, and Corning Museum of Glass, in Corning, NY, which houses the world’s largest collection of glass art and history, with more than 45,000 objects in its collection. Several of the most common techniques for producing glass art include: blowing, kiln-casting, fusing, slumping, pate-de-verre, flame-working, hot-sculpting and cold-working. Cold work includes traditional stained glass work as well as other methods of shaping glass at room temperature. Glass can also be cut with a diamond saw, or copper wheels embedded with abrasives, and polished to give gleaming facets; the technique used in creating Waterford crystal. Art is sometimes etched into glass via the use of acid, caustic, or abrasive substances. Traditionally this was done after the glass was blown or cast. In the 1920s a new mould-etch process was invented, in which art was etched directly into the mould, so that each cast piece emerged from the mould with the image already on the surface of the glass. This reduced manufacturing costs and, combined with a wider use of colored glass, led to cheap glassware in the 1930s, which later became known as Depression glass. As the types of acids used in this process are extremely hazardous, abrasive methods have gained popularity. For example, gold was used in the past to create red, cobalt for blue, and manganese for purple. See my other listings. For more great items! The item “(1) Ruffled Lily Hand Blown Glass Lamp Shade ART DECO Arts & Crafts GOLD AURENE” is in sale since Thursday, April 26, 2012. This item is in the category “Home & Garden\Lamps, Lighting & Ceiling Fans\Lamp Shades”. The seller is “foxmusiconline” and is located in Watertown, Wisconsin. This item can be shipped to North, South, or Latin America, all countries in Europe, all countries in continental Asia, Australia, South africa, New Zealand.

• Fitter Size: 7/8″ inches
• Height: 5.25″ inches
• Model: Ruffled Lily
• Country/Region of Manufacture: United States
• Style: Art Nouveau – Arts & Crafts – Art Deco
• Material: Glass
• Theme: Floral
• Diameter: 3.25″ inches
• Type: Lamp Shade
• Features: 7/8″ Fitter
• Color: Iridescent Gold Aurene
• MPN: Does Not Apply
• Brand: “Handmade”
• Shade Shape: Ruffled Lily
• Color Available #1: Gold Aurene
• Color Available #2: Peacock Blue